Entrevista a Patrick Coroller

[PauloAns]

(como não consigo ler Francês, aqui fica a versão googlada do http://www.viamichelin.fr/viamichelin/f ... _ademe.htm ... Curioso que se atribui a um acidente, a queda de vendas do GPL, alguem sabe de alguma coisa?)

Clean vehicles: where is one?

Patrick Coroller, head of the department technology of transport at the Agency of the environment and the control of energy (ADEME) given a progress report on the market of the clean vehicles.
Admittedly, the hybrid car was the uncontested high-speed motorboat of the last show of the car of Detroit. Admittedly still, the Toyota Prius knows figures of sale record in California. The waiting list lengthens in the manufacturer and of aucuns speculate already by reselling their place... Beyond the effect of mode, the reserves with the purchase of a different vehicle, not to say "marginal", remain significant, in particular in France where the Toyota Prius is sold with difficulty. To our request, Patrick Coroller thus reviews the various types of clean cars and point the difficulties which prevent their respective markets from taking off truly.

ViaMichelin: What a "clean vehicle"?
Patrick Coroller : The law on the air of 1996 defines three categories of clean vehicles, those which function with the LPG (liquified petroleum gas), with natural gas and electricity. A reflexion is currently in hand within the Interdepartmental Commission on the Clean and Sparing Vehicles (CIVEPE) to sit this definition on the performances of the vehicles and either on only technologies.

The market of the clean vehicles is morose. What prevents for example the vehicles with natural gas (GNV) to be sold well?
At the present time, this type of vehicle is not adapted to general public. The transformation of "gas for domestic use" while carburizing requires a compressor plant whose high price slows down the distribution of the GNV on a large scale in the service station. For this reason and in a first stage, Gas of France east developing a small individual station intended for the private individuals, whom one connects in his garage. On the other hand, the vehicle with natural gas is a true success among the fleets of captive vehicles like the buses of public transport. The sales of bus to natural gas accounts for today 30% of the market of the new buses. Our efforts must be dedicated now towards the commercial vehicles.

What to think of the market of the LPG which fell of more than 20% in 2003-2004?
This failure must question us because the LPG is gravitational from the economic point of view: this gas is twice less expensive than the other fuels and the tax credit of 1 525 € granted for the purchase of a clean car (carried to 2300 € if it began again there of a vehicle of more than ten years) the overcost of the vehicle compared to a model with gasoline covers. As of the first kilometer, you roll to half price or almost (it is necessary to count overconsumption of about 20% compared to a vehicle gasoline). However, the market does not cease being degraded. There are several reasons with that, in particular the offer of the manufacturers which was not that until one waited in terms of models and performances. During the five last years, the motorizations gasoline and diesel progressed much more quickly than those of the LPG, reducing the environmental advance of this last. In addition, the LPG suffered from a deficit of image due to regrettable accidents like that of Vénissieux. All the efforts were not authorized so that the market of the LPG emerges in a correct way.

As for are the electric vehicle, which its handicaps?
The electric vehicle is the vehicle not polluting par excellence: completely quiet, it does not emit any gas with the exhaust! Equipped with an autonomy of 80 km, it is the ideal means of transport for the city - it should thus bore downtown. It is unfortunately not yet the case because its price is high: the double of a normal vehicle, the price of the batteries to cadmium nickel (which are in general rented) representative with him only almost half of the cost of the vehicle. Then, it is not multiusage: impossible, for lack of sufficient autonomy, to leave on holiday with an electric car. Lastly, the driver of an electric vehicle suffers from the "fear of the dry breakdown": it is necessary for him indeed to manage and calculate its ways in a precise way to be sure to return to good port. For this reason, the market of the electric vehicle is located today at the level of the urban utility. Progress to come on technologies from the batteries will allow, we hope for it, to extend its field of use.

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© Toyota
Vis-a-vis isn't the difficulties which these three types of vehicle encounter, the solution of the hybrid car full with promises?
Indeed, it is a true technological breakthrough and a very promising solution: all the manufacturers work above. The hybrid car is completely multiusage: downtown and in the countryside, on road and motorway. Brilliant on the plan of its design, the Toyota Prius posts a rate record of CO 2 emission (104 g/km) for a vehicle of this category and very low figures of fuel consumption.

Which are the criteria selected to measure automobile pollution?
There are four pollutants regulated at the European level which have an impact on the air and health: the carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particles. There is also the CO 2 , which is not polluting (we let us breathe about it and as kids in the air at every moment), but a gas for purpose of greenhouse accused in the climatic reheating. Very large efforts were carried out as regards reduction of the regulated pollutants: since the first oil crisis of 1973, certain pollutants were reduced by 50! It is now a question of decreasing the CO 2 emission which is directly related to consumption. It is the great challenge for the years to come!

Where are we currently in France and Europe with regard to the CO 2 issue rate ?
In France, in 2003, the average of carbon dioxide emission per new car was of 155 g/km and in Europe of 164 g/km. The objective, laid down within the framework of an agreement between the manufacturers and the European Community, is to reach 140 g/km in 2008. It is a weighted average by the registrations: the range of vehicles of a manufacturer can comprise vehicles emitting 200 g/km as well as a great number of cars whose emission is definitely lower than 140 g/km. At the present time, Renault and PSA post already a weighted average of 148 g/km. This satisfactory figure is explained by the sale of many small vehicles diesel which consume less and thus emit less CO 2

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Some examples of incentives (and taxes) in Europe
Belgium
Since the 1 er January 2005, if you choose a car emitting less than 105 CO 2 g/km , you benefit from a reduction equal to 15% of the purchase price, until a maximum of 3 280 €. If the vehicle emits between 105 and 115 g/km, the reduction is equal to 3% of the purchase price, until a maximum of 615 €. Published by the Directorate-General Environment, the Guide CO 2 counts all the cars on sale in Belgium at September 30, 2004, according to the type of consumed fuel and the volume of CO 2 emission .

The United Kingdom
In London, the clean vehicles are exempted of urban toll. An aubaine, when it is known that the amount of the tax ( congestion charges ) is 5 £ (either 7 €) between 7h and 18h30. 10 should however be poured £ per annum to profit from this reduction and to prove that its vehicle is clean.

CO 2 and fleets of companies
In Great Britain, a tax is applied according to the discharges of CO 2 of each model. Also, the managers of park may find it very beneficial to get information. The site Comcar ( http://www.comcar.co.uk/dir1in.cfm ) installed a simulator which makes it possible to calculate the tax CO 2 according to the selected model.

The particle filter
This filter, which should spread on the diesel engines with the hardening of the anti-pollution standards, is encouraged by tax incentives in certain countries: Germany, the United Kin
gdom, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands and Sweden . Locally, of the cities like Copenhagen or the Italian areas (Emilie-Romagne) delimited zones where only cars diesel equipped with particle filter can circulate.
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In France, the purchaser of a vehicle with the LPG, natural gas or of a hybrid car is given a tax credit. The ADEME allots a direct help of 3 200 € with the owner of an electric vehicle. Why these measurements enough aren't "to dope" the market of the clean car?
The behavior with the purchase of the motorist remains irrational. One does not buy yet, alas, in the majority of the cases, his car on criteria of consumption and pollution, but on criteria of power and esthetics. The car is also considered by some the reflection of their social status. It's a pity that the purchase of a car is not guided yet by criteria of environmental performances. But I am trustful. A hybrid vehicle as the Toyota Prius shows that one can roll on board an industrially built car, comfortable, with interesting esthetics and far from polluting. Such an example draws the market upwards.

[hard]

PauloAns que não te falte nada
também uma tradução do google


Case of arson dun vehicle with the LPG not provided with valve.

In the night of January 31, 1999, a car LPG ignited explodes on a carpark of Vénissieux, in the Lyons suburbs.
Under leffet of the heat of lincendie, the gas is assembled in pressure, transforming lenveloppe metal into true bomb. The scenario of the drama of Vénissieux seems to overpower the LPG.
Would vehicles LPG be thus travelling bombs in power?

Assessment
Six of the firemen come to control the disaster are seriously wounded, whose has a torn off leg.


How to prevent that that reproduces?
This drama, fortunately extremely rare, is the dun result together of circumstances, joined together in an exceptional way. Remain that the generalization of certain measurements would allow quil does not reproduce, at the time dun pile-up on motorway, for example.

Aberration: lhomologation dun tank LPG does not comprise any test of fire resistance (in date of laccident).

Causes
* Lincendie was dorigine criminal. Poked by widespread flammable lessence or dautres produced in several points of the vehicle, this dincendie type is particularly difficult to control quickly.

* The tank of the vehicle of Vénissieux was deprived of blow-off valve (mechanism with ball or punch letting escape the gas in the event of excessive pressure, with the manner of the valve dun pressure-cooker). Aggravating circumstance, rubber seals of the polyvanne (cutting device ladmission of the LPG in the drains when the contact is cut) equipping the tank with the vehicle of Vénissieux nont not let escape the gas while melting under leffet from heat. What, by decreasing the pressure, would have avoided lexplosion. For French limportator of the tank, this "failure" comes dun bad assembly, or more precisely dun excessive tightening of the bolts fixing this valve at the tank, not leaving a sufficient space to let escape the gas in the event of cast iron from the joint.

* Last point, by touching sheet carried at high temperature of the tank of LPG, the extinguishers of the firemen are likely to cause a thermal shock involving the rupture of the metal weakened by heat. This assumption is advanced to explain lexplosion of the tank whereas fire was controlled.

The meeting of several of these factors is rare, it nen is not less possible. And of Vénissieux na nothing laccident dune fate. It is possible déviter quil reproduces.


http://www.clean-auto.com/article.php3?id_article=459

[rdd48856]

Há para ai uns 6 meses que já aqui escrevi sobre estes casos(explosões de veiculos a GPL)...
1)Caso 1 - um veículo incendiado por vandalismo explodiu(na França) quando o incêndio estava a ser apagado. Motivo: inexistência de válvula de alto débito. Esta passou a ser obrigatória salvo-erro a partir de 2000.

2)Caso 2- um emigrante Português em França tentou desmontar o depósito de GPL na garagem. Resultado: explosão que destruiu toda a garagem e uma parte da casa.

[PauloAns]

Depois de ler tudo e ter «decifrado» o googlingues, lembrei-me dessas histórias.
O permenor da rampa é fantástico...
what can go wrong????